NAPLES DAILY NEWS

January 24, 2010

Freeze that killed crops leading to hiring freeze for farmworkers

 

By LAURA LAYDEN, TRACY X. MIGUEL

Alfredo Ladra Trejo only worked one day last week picking tomatoes in Immokalee.

A crop-killing freeze hasn’t just hurt growers. Across Southwest Florida, farmworkers are struggling to make ends meet. Some have no work at all, while others are working one or two days a week.

“There are a lot of people who stayed without a job,” Trejo, 36, said in Spanish.

He said all the tomatoes at DiMare — where he works — froze, leaving farmworkers without jobs for weeks. New tomatoes may not be ready to pick until mid-March.

It’s the same story at other tomato and vegetable farms across the region. At a time when harvesting is usually in full swing, there’s very little produce left to pick because of the devastating freeze on Jan. 11.

Packing houses that would be running five or more days a week are closed in Immokalee.

“They’re locked up,” said Gene McAvoy, a multi-county vegetable agent with the University of Florida/IFAS in Hendry County.

That’s virtually unheard of in Immokalee, known as the winter capital for tomatoes in the U.S.

“The losses were big and they were bad,” McAvoy said.

In the five-county region, grower losses are estimated at more than $147 million on seven top crops: tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, green beans, sweet corn, squash and cucumbers.

That translates into about $23.7 million in lost wages for seasonal/migrant workers, said Fritz Roka, an agricultural economist for the University of Florida/IFAS in Southwest Florida. Losses include 6,600 acres of tomatoes, accounting for half of the lost wages, he said.

Farms and packing houses in Southwest Florida typically hire 20,000 to 25,000 seasonal workers, who are employed day to day.

“For the first couple of weeks there is still work to be done, as individual growers figure out what they want to do. They have to clean up what’s there,” Roka said.

Some growers may not replant, which will lead to more lost wages for farmworkers. Spring crops that were already in the ground ahead of the freeze have been hurt too.

“Only time will tell the extent of the damage and how it manifests itself,” Roka said.

Florida’s citrus growers have seen damage from the freeze, though locally it wasn’t as bad as expected. Harvesting continues, but fruit loss is estimated at 5 to 10 percent in Southwest Florida.

“We’re not impacted like the vegetables are. We pretty much run six, seven days a week,” said John Hoffman, a grove manager for Barron Collier Cos. in Immokalee.

Going into this season, many farmworkers were already struggling because they lost work after last year’s freezes. While those freezes weren’t as severe, they still hurt crops enough to curb production.

“They don’t have big bank accounts,” McAvoy said of farmworkers. “They probably only have a little bit of savings.”

Since the freeze, Trejo, who has been a farmworker for 19 years, said the farm he works for was only hiring about half of its regular employees, which is about 50 at the height of season.

“These days, since I don’t have a family, I just live with the little amount of money that I have,” Trejo said, adding that he eats less and continues to owe rent.

D.C. McClure, vice president of operations for West Coast Tomatoes, estimates his company lost 800 acres of tomatoes with the freeze at two farms in Immokalee and nearby Felda. He anticipates a $4 million loss in tomatoes that were about to be harvested.

On Wednesday afternoon, there were no workers at the farm in Felda off State Road 29. Normally, it would have been crawling with pickers. Instead, it was filled with drooping brown plants and mushy green tomatoes.

“We’re having to tear down all these fields now,” McClure said.

Clean-up will take about 100 workers. Harvesting would have taken 200 to 300, McClure said.

“I’ve never seen as complete of a kill,” he said of the damage. “The freeze in ‘89 was close, but not quite as bad.”

Chuck Obern, owner of C & B Farms in the Devil’s Garden growing area in Hendry County, said he usually offers work six or seven days a week at his farm this time of year. That’s been cut to three and he’s rotating crews to spread the work to more people.

“It’s going to be terrible,” he said.

He lost virtually all of his fall and winter vegetable crops, including eggplant and peppers. What he has left is his more cold-hardy crops, including herbs and lettuce. His spring crop was more protected, so most of it should survive. But it won’t be ready to harvest for weeks.

With the local economy so bad, there are fewer opportunities for farmworkers to find jobs in other industries, such as tourism and construction. Some farmworkers are going back to Mexico or their other home countries because work is so hard to find here. There could be a “huge exodus” of the migrant population in another week after the clean-up is done, Obern said.

At Horizon Village, a 192-bed dormitory for single farmworkers in Immokalee, more than a dozen seasonal residents have left over the past few weeks, said Essie Serrata, executive director of the Collier County Housing Authority.

“We’re not at full capacity,” she said. “Usually this time of year we are.”

Near the end of last week, the dormitory — run by the authority — had 162 residents.

“We don’t know exactly where they go back to,” Serrata said. “We just know they leave us.”

She said if the dormitory doesn’t get more residents, it will be difficult to cover the bills, including paying off the debt. The authority has also seen farmworkers move out of its family housing because they can no longer afford the rent. Others who have stayed are falling behind on their rent.

For the past two weeks, nonprofits in Immokalee have seen the demand for their services surge. They need more food and cash donations to help farmworkers and their families. At the Guadalupe Center’s soup kitchen, the only one operating in Immokalee, hundreds of local residents start lining up around 9 a.m. daily for lunch.

“It has been really, really overwhelming,” said Alicia Lindo-Hodge, a center spokeswoman.

The soup kitchen is now serving twice as many people — about 400 daily — and has increased its seating for lunch by as much as eight times.

At about 5 a.m., hundreds of Immokalee residents start lining up daily for financial assistance to pay for rent, utilities and food at Guadalupe Social Services.

“The situation is like when Wilma happened, they will be out of work for eight weeks, two months,” said Ninfa Drago, director of Guadalupe Social Services. “So now, we are serving over 100 families a day.”

Since the week of the freeze, Amigos Center de Immokalee has been helping more than 100 farmworkers with money for rent and food, said Gloria Hernandez, chapter president of LULAC (League of United Latin American Citizens).

On Friday — a day that the center is usually closed — it opened to give families donations from the Harry Chapin Food Bank.

Tricia Yeggy, director of community programs at Immokalee Housing & Family Services, said her charity is organizing a volunteer-based food distribution program to help struggling families.

“If we can put some staples on the table we will be happy,” she said. “That will be nice.”

Florida’s Gov. Charlie Crist has asked for an emergency declaration from the federal government for all the counties in the state because the damage is so extensive to agriculture. The declaration would make low-interest loans available to growers to help them replant and could provide direct assistance to farmworkers.